Write a literature review about Healthcare ethics Essay

Write a literature review about Healthcare ethics - Essay Example Often, these standards are the subject of rigorous debate as religion or social agendas come to bear on the question of morality. This paper will examine some of the most recent professional literature in an effort to codify the existing standards, as well as reporting on the prevailing trends in regards to new technologies, the impact of culture, and the evolving morality surrounding life and the end of life care. Healthcare is an extremely broad field comprised on numerous disciplines, and myriad roles for healthcare workers within each discipline. This paper will not address a specific discipline, but instead will examine healthcare ethics from a broad lens while focusing on the commonalities found throughout the different fields. Numerous professional organizations have their own codes of ethics and may have specific guidelines that deal with their clinical specialty. As an example, this may be seen in addiction services, mental health, or gender transformation. However, this paper will report with a broader brush and a major portion will be spent focusing on recent developments in ethics and the challenges that all healthcare workers face in the light of technology, changing demographics, and evolving social standards. Literature Review End of Life Care One of the critical aspects of healthcare ethics is providing palliative care for the terminally ill, and the numerous issues facing end of life care. One of these important ethical issues is 'medical futility', and the application of medical treatment that has little hope of being beneficial. There can be significant disagreements among the patient, family, physician, and insurance providers that all have different treatment goals, as well as their own personal interpretation of medical futility (Bagheri 46). A hospital ethical review board, at the initiation of a physician or the patient, often mediates this dilemma. In a recent comprehensive study conducted at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, the most frequently cited reasons for an ethics review were "the permissibility of withholding and withdrawing life sustaining treatments, resuscitation issues, [and the] appropriateness of treatment (ie, futility vs. nonfutility" (Swetz et al. 690). However, this issue is steeped in con troversy, and according to Bagheri, "Some argue that physicians should be given sole authority to make decisions to withhold or withdraw treatment" (47). Indeed, multiple studies have indicated that in the US, as well as in Europe, physicians unilaterally withhold treatment that they deem futile without consulting either the patient or their family (Bagheri 47). This approach demeans the patient's mental well-being and disregards the ethical component of autonomy. If a patient is mentally capable, they should be apprised of the lack of potential benefit (futility) of a treatment. Eliminating the patient from being informed, or a part of the decision making process, is at best a questionable ethical practice. Still, "physicians cannot be forced (or even expected) to give 'futile' treatment to their patients" (Loewy 299). One question that should routinely be asked when making an ethical decision regarding futility is 'are there any better alternatives'. Professional medical organizations have

Supreme Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Supreme Court - Essay Example The problem, however, appears to lie in whether the children are given the appropriate moral guidance by their parental figures. Perhaps Vermont is too complacent in their viewpoints that children will naturally evolve into moral adults, thus there is no emphasis given in this aspect of guiding juvenile behaviors. This may have to do with the social class of the Vermont citizens, who are mostly middle- to upper-class who may just instinctively believe that these violent crimes simply could not be committed by their well-to-do sons and daughters. Powers describes the ease of acquiring heroin in the state, which may also contribute to the violent crime ratios and is associated with social class status, as these well-to-do youths can easily afford the drug prices. The team appears to have mixed thoughts about whether the juvenile should be given the death sentence, highlighting the strong division in the country about what to do with juvenile violent crime offenders. It appears that Powers believes that many of the failures of todays children in these affluent neighborhoods stems from parental complacency and an inability to address that violence and teenage angst occurs routinely regardless of their state of origin. Powers, it appears, believes that most of the fault lies with those who are in charge for their failures in molding positive childhood behaviors. In reference, specifically, to the New Hampshire murders, it seems that Powers is linking their murderous intentions with failure of parents to recognize the difficulties (and respond to them correctly) facing children of these teenage years. It does not appear that Powers considers the death penalty as the proper course of action, rather counseling and parental involvement is the best method. Powers points out that small towns, like any other city, maintains their fair share of juvenile-related crime, suggesting